Chitsulo chachitsulo ndi chitsulo chathyathyathya chomwe chimaponyedwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula ndikukanikizidwa pambuyo pozizira.Ndi yathyathyathya, yamakona anayi ndipo imatha kukulungidwa mwachindunji kapena kudulidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zazikuluzikulu zachitsulo.Chitsulo chachitsulo chimagawidwa molingana ndi makulidwe, mbale yachitsulo yopyapyala ndi yocheperapo 4 mm (yochepa kwambiri ndi 0.2 mm), mbale yachitsulo yapakati ndi 4-60 mm, ndi mbale yowonjezera yowonjezera ndi 60-115. mm.Chitsulo chachitsulo chimagawidwa kukhala chotentha-chotentha ndi chozizira ndi kugudubuza.M'lifupi mbale woonda ndi 500 ~ 1500 mm;m'lifupi pepala wandiweyani ndi 600 ~ 3000 mm.Mapepala amagawidwa malinga ndi mitundu yazitsulo, kuphatikizapo zitsulo wamba, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zitsulo za aloyi, zitsulo zamasika, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zachitsulo, zitsulo zosagwira kutentha, zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo, zitsulo za silicon ndi pepala loyera lachitsulo, etc.;malinga ndi ntchito akatswiri, pali mbale ng'oma mafuta, mbale Enamel, mbale zipolopolo, etc.;Malinga ndi zokutira pamwamba, pali malata pepala, tini-yokutidwa pepala, lead-yokutidwa pepala, pulasitiki gulu zitsulo mbale, etc. kuvala mikhalidwe.Chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosasunthika ndi mbale yopangidwa ndi makulidwe ena a aloyi osamva kusanjikiza ndi kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri pazitsulo zachitsulo chotsika kwambiri kapena chitsulo chochepa cha alloy cholimba komanso pulasitiki. pa njira yowonekera.Kuphatikiza apo, pali mbale zachitsulo zosamva kuvala komanso aloyi omwe amazimitsa zitsulo zosagwira ntchito.
Maonekedwe a mbale yachitsulo yosamva kuvala: Chitsulo chachitsulo chosamva kuvala chimapangidwa ndi mbale yachitsulo yotsika mpweya komanso wosanjikiza wosamva kuvala kwa aloyi.Zosanjikiza zosagwirizana ndi aloyi nthawi zambiri zimakhala 1/3 ~ 1/2 ya makulidwe onse.Pogwira ntchito, matrix amapereka zinthu zambiri monga mphamvu, kulimba ndi pulasitiki motsutsana ndi mphamvu zakunja, ndipo wosanjikiza wosasunthika wa alloy umapereka katundu wosamva kuvala zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zazomwe zimagwirira ntchito.Pali mgwirizano wazitsulo pakati pa wosanjikiza wosamva zitsulo zachitsulo chosamva kuvala ndi gawo lapansi.Kudzera zida zapadera ndi njira kuwotcherera basi, mkulu-kuuma wodziteteza aloyi kuwotcherera waya ndi uniformly welded pa gawo lapansi, ndipo chiwerengero cha zigawo gulu ndi mmodzi kapena awiri kapena angapo zigawo.Panthawi yophatikizika, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shrinkage kwa aloyi, ming'alu yopingasa yofananira imawonekera.Ndi chinthu chosiyana ndi mbale yachitsulo yosamva kuvala.Chosanjikiza chosamva kuvala kwa alloy chimapangidwa makamaka ndi aloyi ya chromium, ndi zida zina za aloyi monga manganese, molybdenum, niobium, ndi faifi tambala amawonjezeredwa.The carbides mu dongosolo metallographic amagawidwa ulusi, ndi CHIKWANGWANI malangizo perpendicular pamwamba.Microhardness ya carbide imatha kufika HV1700-2000 kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo kuuma kwapansi kumatha kufika HRC58-62.Aloyi carbide ali bata amphamvu pa kutentha kwambiri, amakhalabe kuuma mkulu, komanso ali wabwino makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino mkati 500 ℃.Wosanjikiza wosamva kuvala amakhala ndi njira yopapatiza (2.5-3.5mm), njira yayikulu (8-12mm), yopindika (S, W), etc.;imapangidwa makamaka ndi ma aloyi a chromium, ndipo manganese, molybdenum, niobium, faifi tambala, boron amawonjezeredwanso.ndi zigawo zina aloyi, ndi carbides mu dongosolo metallographic anagawira ulusi, ndi CHIKWANGWANI malangizo perpendicular pamwamba.Zomwe zili ndi carbide ndi 40-60%, microhardness imatha kufika ku HV1700 kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo kuuma kwa pamwamba kumatha kufika HRC58-62.Chitsulo chachitsulo chosamva kuvala chimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: mtundu wa cholinga, mtundu wosagwira ntchito komanso kutentha kwambiri;makulidwe okwana a mbale yachitsulo yosamva imatha kufika 5.5 (2.5 + 3) mm ndipo makulidwe apamwamba amatha kufika 30 (15 + 15) mm;mbale yachitsulo yosavala Imatha kugudubuza mapaipi osamva kuvala okhala ndi mainchesi ochepera a DN200, ndipo imatha kusanjidwa kukhala zigongono zosavala, mateyala osamva kuvala, komanso mapaipi ochepetsa osamva.Magawo aukadaulo a mbale yachitsulo yosamva: kuuma, makulidwe a HRC osavala osanjikiza ≤ 4mm: HRC54-58;makulidwe osanjikiza osavala> 4mm: HRC56-62 Mawonekedwe magawo Kusalala: 5mm/M